Rallies for and against Maduro

Buoyed by the defection of a top general, Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaido has predicted that February will be decisive in determining the future of the nation as he and socialist leader Nicolas Maduro held competing mass rallies in the capital.

National Assembly head Guaido, 35, had called a protest at the weekend to ramp up the pressure on Maduro to step down, days after stunning the world by declaring himself “interim president” of the oil-rich but crisis-racked country.

He received a boost before it began on Saturday when an air force general became the highest-ranking officer to abandon Maduro and recognise Guaido as the country’s true leader.

US national security adviser John Bolton responded in a tweet calling on “all military members to follow General [Francisco] Yanez’s lead”.

The United States recognised Guaido as Venezuela’s interim president on January 23 while four major European nations – Britain, France, Germany and Spain – said they would do likewise unless Maduro called presidential elections by midnight on Sunday.

Speaking at a pro-regime demonstration marking 20 years since his predecessor Hugo Chavez came to power, Maduro ignored those demands and instead reiterated his call to bring forward legislative elections set for the end of 2020 to 2019.

“The opposition want to bring forward elections, let’s have elections,” he said.

Maduro, making his first public appearance since a military parade in August when he claimed to have been targeted in an attempted assassination, accused Guaido of being a US puppet in a coup attempt.

The National Assembly is the only one of Venezuela’s five government branches controlled by the opposition.

Guaido had earlier urged the armed forces to allow humanitarian aid from abroad into the country.

“You, soldier, have the decision in your hands” to allow it in or not, Guaido said.

The US said on Saturday it would send aid to the country in response to a request by Guaido.

Under Maduro’s stewardship, oil-dependent Venezuela has lurched into an economic crisis that has left the country suffering from hyperinflation and shortages of food and medicine.

Maduro refuses to let aid into Venezuela, claiming it would precede a US-led military intervention.

Guaido called for a new demonstration on February 12.

Speaking at the European Union’s headquarters in the east of the capital, he said February should be decisive.

The rival Caracas rallies, separated by 10km, attracted huge crowds.

Carlos Morales, a 62-yearold who voted for Chavez in 1998 but now says socialism only brings misery, attended a pro-Guaido rally with his wife.

“This is the leader that all Venezuelans hoped for, a new leader, young, who is not contaminated,” he said.

At the pro-Maduro demonstration Virginia Rondon, 69, hummed songs that glorified Chavez, and reminisced about his socialist revolution.

Others denounced the spectre of US intervention and called on the UN to halt “Trump’s war”.

Early on Saturday, General Yanez said in a social media video he disavowed Maduro’s “dictatorial” authority and recognised Guaido as the acting president.

The air force high command strategic planning director said “90% of the armed forces don’t support the dictator”.

His defection was a hard blow to Maduro, Rocio San Miguel, an expert on the Venezuelan military, said.

The Venezuelan air force posted a picture of Yanez on its Twitter account tagged with the word “traitor”.

Later, in another video, retired Major-General Jorge Oropeza, former air force general commander, also said he recognised Guaido as acting president.

Oropeza and Yanez were also joined by Jonathan Velasco, Venezuela’s ambassador in Iraq.

The military and security forces have so far been Maduro’s main pillar of support, but there have been signs of unrest in the ranks.

On January 21, a group of 27 soldiers rose up against Maduro in Caracas, although that was quickly suppressed.

It helped spark a week of protests in which 40 people were killed in clashes with security forces, with hundreds more arrested.

The challenge to Maduro is his most serious yet, with the US leading the campaign to drive him from office.

Guaido moved to expand his international support by reassuring China – Venezuela’s main creditor and a long-time ally of the socialist regime – that he would honour bilateral agreements if successful in ousting Maduro.

China, like Russia, has denounced outside interference in Venezuela.

“China’s support will be very important in boosting our country’s economy and future development,” he said in an email interview with the South China Morning Post.

China foreign ministry spokesperson Geng Shuang said co-operation between the countries would continue “no matter how the situation changes” in Venezuela.